Ancient Science of China中国古代科学
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战国液态生铁冶炼

Cast Iron Smelting

Achieved blast furnace temperatures above 1150°C by the 5th century BCE to fully melt and cast iron. The West did not master this until the 14th century — a lead of nearly two millennia.

战国液态

Scientific Principle

High-temperature metallurgy: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂. Carbon lowers the melting point (eutectic at 1148°C).

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