Ancient Science of China中国古代科学
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Huangdi Neijing Suwen黄帝内经素问
HanMedicineComplete医

黄帝内经素问

Huangdi Neijing Suwen

The Basic Questions (Suwen) of the Huangdi Neijing (c. 400 BCE–200 CE) establishes a systematic model of physiology based on functional organ networks and channel theory. It introduces diagnostic prin…

About This Work

The Basic Questions (Suwen) of the Huangdi Neijing (c. 400 BCE–200 CE) establishes a systematic model of physiology based on functional organ networks and channel theory. It introduces diagnostic principles—inspection, auscultation, inquiry, and pulse palpation—mapping the body as an integrated system of feedback and homeostasis, a landmark of premodern systems biology.

Contents · 内容

Ancient Theory of Heaven上古天真论
Great Treatise on the Interaction of Yin and Yang四气调神大论
Discussion on the Viscera灵兰秘典论
Treatise on the Six Festivals六节藏象论
Treatise on the Generation of the Five Zang Organs五脏生成论
Treatise on Different Methods of Treatment异法方宜论
Treatise on the Essentials of the Pulse脉要精微论
Treatise on the Lungs as the Prime Minister平人气象论
Treatise on the Jade Pivot玉机真脏论
Treatise on the Three Regions and Nine Divisions三部九候论
Treatise on Channels and Collaterals经脉别论
Treatise on the Thermal Diseases热论
Treatise on Puncture Methods刺法论
Treatise on Diagnosis and Prognosis评热病论
Treatise on the Movement of Qi逆调论
Treatise on Malaria疟论
Treatise on Cough咳论
Treatise on Pain举痛论
Treatise on Abdominal Distension腹中论
Treatise on Wind Diseases风论
Treatise on Paralysis痹论
Treatise on Atrophy痿论
Treatise on Jue Diseases厥论
Treatise on the Five Excesses病能论
Treatise on Acupuncture Points气穴论
Treatise on the Essentials of Acupuncture气府论
Treatise on the Principles of Needling骨空论
Treatise on Blood and Qi血气形志论
Treatise on the Essence of Life宝命全形论
Treatise on Needling Methods八正神明论
Treatise on the Five Movements离合真邪论
Treatise on the Principles of Acupuncture通评虚实论
Treatise on Heat Disorders太阴阳明论
Treatise on Yangming Pulse阳明脉解

Why This Matters

This text is part of the living archive of Chinese intellectual achievement — a tradition that produced systematic astronomical observation, mathematical innovation, medical frameworks still in clinical use, and engineering at continental scale, centuries before comparable developments in Europe.

The question "did ancient China have science?" misunderstands what science is. Science is not a single cultural tradition — it is the systematic observation of nature, the rigorous documentation of phenomena, the testing of ideas against evidence, and the building of knowledge across generations. By every one of these measures, the works in this catalogue are scientific. They used different conceptual frameworks — correlative rather than mechanistic, systemic rather than reductionist — but these frameworks produced real knowledge: accurate star catalogues, effective medical treatments, precise calendar computations, and technologies that transformed civilization.